The freestyle performance of young athletes depends on the coordination of many factors such as technique, strength, speed, specialized endurance, starts, and turns. The selection of a training regimen that aligns with the age characteristics and training conditions is crucial for improving performance. The research aims to select and evaluate the effectiveness of specific exercises to improve freestyle swimming performance for talented athletes aged 11–12 in My Tho city, Tien Giang province, Vietnam. The research uses document analysis, interviews, pedagogical testing, pedagogical experimentation, and statistical methods. The interview subjects included 30 experts, coaches, and specialists, the experiment was conducted on 20 talented athletes aged 11–12, consisting of 10 men and 10 women. The freestyle swimming performances of 50 m, 100 m, and 200 m were evaluated before and after the experiment. The research selected 18 exercises classified into the categories of land exercises, water exercises, starts, turns – finishes, and physical conditioning. After the experiment, the 50 m, 100 m, and 200 m freestyle performances of both men and women improved significantly (p < 0,01). For males, the growth rates were 3.41%, 2.96%, and 1.78%, with an average of 2.72%, for females, they were 2.26%, 3.15%, and 1.71%, with an average of 2.37%. Conclusion: The system of 18 selected exercises is appropriate and effective in improving the freestyle swimming performance of 50 m, 100 m, and 200 m for talented athletes aged 11–12 in My Tho City.