The MCT1 gene is implicated in lactate transport and metabolism in skeletal muscle; suggesting a role for that gene in determining athletic performance in speed events. The relationship between MCT1 gene variants and training response in young 400-meter runners is currently unclear.

To determine the distribution of the MCT1 gene alleles (AT, TT, AA) in young athletes and to analyze the effectiveness of the genetically-informed functional speed training program for the physical performance parameters of 400-meter runners under 20 years.

Ten elite 400m runners (18-20 years; n=60 athletes) were selected from a population based on genetic screening. DNA was extracted from blood samples (Promega USA kit) and the MCT1 gene variants were analyzed. Athletes completed a 12-week specific functional speed training program (4 sessions/week, 80-90 min/session, 85-100% of maximum intensity) based on their unique design. Various tests including short-term anaerobic functional capacity, functional speed endurance, anaerobic muscle efficiency and leg functional capacity were utilized for pre- and post-training assessments. Training was done using a high intensity interval approach, following a 3:1 wave pattern.

Genetic analysis of the AT, AA and TT variants, AT had the highest allele frequency (58.33%), followed by AA (26.67%) then TT (15%) variants. Post-intervention improvements were reported for anaerobic functional capacity (13.54%, p<. 001, ES=0.85), functional speed endurance (50% p<. 001, ES=0.92), efficiency of anaerobic muscle contraction (63.48%, p<. 001, ES=0.79), and leg functional capacity (21.62%, ps. 001, ES=0.81). 400-meter improvement time: (7.81%, p=. 002, ES=0.76) 

This study is the first to show how MCT1 gene profiling may be used to assist in designing targeted functional speed training programs that can lead to considerable improvements in anaerobic capacity and performance in young 400-meter runners. The results of the study suggest the potential benefit of genetic screening in talent identification and customized training programs for sprint events.